Section+17-1+Italy+Birthplace+of+the+Renaissance

Section 17-1: Italy: Birthplace of the Renaissance

Renaissance- a time from 1300-1600
 * Bold: **

humanism- an intellectual movement that focused on human potential and achievements.

secular- denoting attitudes, activities, or other things that have no religious or spiritual basis

patron- a person who gives financial or other support to a person, organization, cause, or activity

perspective- the art of drawing solid objects on a two-dimensional surface so as to give the right impression of their height, width, depth, and position in relation to each other when viewed from a particular point

vernacular- the language or dialect spoken by the ordinary people in a particular country or region

- war and plague bad. Some peeps questioned the church. Art and writers different styles.
 * Setting the Stage:**

- Smart people of italy wanted classic greece/ rome. Led to innovated art and writing. new values. - Spread northern Italy/ Europe. Italy three advantages: thriving cities, a wealthy merchant class, classical heritage of classical rome/ greece.
 * Italy's Advantages:**

- trade lead to cities growth. Italy urban rest of europe rural. good place for intellectual breeding. - plague brought economic change. less laborers survivors demanded high pay merchants couldn't expand business so they started to go more towards their interests like art.
 * City-States:**

- Many citizens got involved in political life. merchants dominated politics. the belief in personal achievement became important during this time period. - Florence was a republican Cosimo de Medici influenced members of the ruling council by giving them loans then was director of Florence. - He died but his family still ruled. His grandson Lorenzo of Medici was director and kept up the appearance of having an elected government.
 * Merchants and the Medici:**

- Scholars looked down on art and literature of Middle ages. Wanted to return to greek and roman learning. Drew inspiration from ruins of tome, studied ancient latin manuscripts, fled to rome with greek manuscripts.
 * Looking to Greece and Rome:**

- Scholars got influenced y classical ideas from manuscripts. Helped new outlook on art and life.
 * Classical and Worldly Values:**

-Humanists studied greek valued. Influenced artistis and architects to carry on classical traditions. Encouraged study of history literature and philosophy these were called humanities.
 * Classics Lead to Humanism:**

- Humanists said person enjoy life without offending god. - Most people remained Catholics. church leaders became more worldly.
 * Worldly Pleasures:**

- Church leaders invested money into art.
 * Patrons of the Arts:**

- writers said all smart people expected to make art. Man who excelled in many fields was praised as "universal man". - Baldassare Cariglione wrote //The Courtier// young man should be witty, charming well educated in the classics, dance, sing, play music, and write poetry, skilled rider, wrestler and swordsman.
 * The Renaissance Man**:

- According to the book upclass females charming and know classics. to seek fame, ladies little influence on politics. - Isabella d'Este born into a riling family, married another ruler or Mantua. Skilled in politics her husband taken captive in war defended mantua and won his release.
 * The Renaissance Woman:**

- Many artists worked in northern italy. artists styles changed. used realistic style copied from classical models. painters used perspective.
 * The Renaissance Revolutionizes Art:**

R**ealistic Painting and Sculpture:** - begun to paint prominent citizens. they started using a realistic style showed what was distinctive about each person. - Donatello also made a sculpture more real by natural positions and facial expressions. First euro sculpture of large free standing nude for long time.

- painter sculptor inventer, and scientist. How things worked interesting to him. veins of leaf. notebook filled observations/sketches. - Painted the Mona Lisa. Very real. Also made the Last Supper.
 * Leonardo, Renaissance Man:**

- Raphael Sanzio studied works of Michelangelo and Leonardo. Raphael would show children's faces as soft and calm. Famous for his perspective use. - Filled walls of Pope Julius II's library with paintings. Painted Renaissance figures as classical philosophers and their students.
 * Raphael Advances Realism:**

- society restricted women's roles. Sofonisba Anguissola first female artist gain internationals reputation. Artenisia Gentileschi trained with her father drew strong heroic women.
 * Anguissola and Gentileschi:**

- used style writers rely on today. made trends.
 * Renaissance Writers Change Literature:**

- Influential humanist. Great poet. Wrote in Latin and Italian. Wrote poem about some women named Laura who was his ideal. She died from the plague (Italian writing) wrote latin in letters to many important friends. - Boccaccio know for //Decameron// series of realistic sometimes off-color stories. Showed tragic and comic views of life.
 * Petrarch and Boccaccio:**

- //The Prince// Niccolo Machiavelli, imperfect human conduct. It shows how a ruler can get power and keep in spite of his enemies. - Sadi prince sting as lion shrewd was fox. - Machiavelli felt in real world power/ politics a prince must sometimes mislead peeps and lie to his opponents. Must be crafty enough to overcome the suspicions but also gain trust of others.
 * Machiavelli Advises Rulers:**

- women who were famous wrote person subjects not politics. Vittoria Colonna married to Marquis of Pescara. - exchanged sonnets with Michelangelo and helped to publish //THE COURTIER.// her poems expressed personal emotions. - Renaissance Ideas spread north. They adapt the ideas in their own ways.
 * Victoria Colonna:**