Section+2-2+Pyramids+on+the+Nile

Section 2-2: Pyramids on the Nile

Bold: delta- a broad, marshy, trianglure area of land formed by deposits of silt at the mouth of a river. Narmer-the king that is most thought to have united the two kingdoms of Egypt. pharaohs- the most powerful of the Egyptions gods. theocracy- a government ruled based on religious authority. pyramid- the resting place after death that was an immense structure. mummification- when Rpysl and elite Egyptians' bodies were preserved. hieroglyphics- simple pictographs that were th earliest form of writing in Egypt. papyrus- a paper that the Egyptions made of reeds.

Key People- Narmer-the king that is most thought to have united the two kingdoms of Egypt.

Key Events- Pharohs were worshipped and very important to the running of the kingdoms.

Setting the Stage: a similar thing happens on the Nile as why happened in Mesopotamia.

The Geography of Egypt: -The Nile is some of the only water that can e found inthe desert. - Egyptains settle around the river. - the change from fertal soil to desert was very distinct.

The Gift of the Nile: - When the Nile flooded it provided rich soil similarto Mesopotamia. - The Nile flooded every July because of snow melting in the mountains. It would go down to normal depth in October leaving the fertile soil. - They watered their plants with an irrigation system. - Egyptians worshipped the river as a god.

Environmental Challenges: - the Nile was more predictable than the Tigiabas Eiphrates river. The Nile was on a clockwork. - when the flood water was only a few feet low water for crops and silt was more scarse therefore not as many crops were made and people starved. - when the water was to high the water would destroy houses, granaries and seeds thatthe farmers needed. - the river andthe desert of the other side of the river served as a natural barrier but made it hard interact with other people.

Upper Egypt and Lower Egypt: - moving up ad down the river was popular but sometimes the river would change to rapids making it nearly impossible for the river boats to pass through. this was called the First Cataract. - between the Fitst Cataract and the Meditteranian Sea was two very differed regions. There was Upper Egypt and Lower Egypt. - Upper Egypt starts atthe First Cataract and ends when the river starts to fan out into many branches. - The lower regions inclidesthe Nile delta. - the river provided a good way of transportation between the two regions. - boats going northbound drifted with the current. Boats going southbound hoisted up a sail.

Egypt Unites into a Kingdom: - egyptions use to live in villages. Each village had its rituals, gods and chieftain. - these villages were either under rule of the Upper Egypt kingdom or the Lower Egypt kingdom. - in time the two kingdoms joined into one - the king that is most thought to have united the kingdoms was Narmer. - the Lower Egypt kid wore a red crown and the Upper Egypt kind wore a white bowling pin shaped crown. - a piece of slate called the Narmer Palette is the two crowns combined. - Narmer made the double crown. To show the united kingdoms. - the capital was Memphis near wherethe two kingdoms met. - ancient Egypt had 31 dynasties over a time prior of 2,600 years

Pharaohs Rule as Gods: - in Egypt kings were gods. - the god-kings were called pharohs. - this was a theocracy type of government. - they tonight the pharohs caused the sun to set and rise, the river to flood.

Builders of the Pyramids: - Egyptians thought their king ruled even when he died. - they thought a external life-force still worked in the government. - the kings tombs were more important then their palaces. - they rested in pyramids - the credited of the pyramids had no tools but still made a pyramid 481 feet tall out of at leat 2 1/2 tons stone blocks. - the premeds show how hard the Egyptians were.

Egyptian Culture: - Egyptians tendedto approach life more confidently and optimistically than the people living on the Fertile Cresent.

Religion and Life: - Egyptains believe in many gods. - the most important gods were Re, the sun god, Osiria the gods of the dead, Isis who represented the ideal mother and wife. - they worshipped over 2000 gods an goddesses. - Egyptains believed in afterlife. - Egyptains believed they were judged by their deeds - the mummy was put ina coffin and items they could use in the after life was put with them.

Pyramids and Mummies: - in some pyramids etches into the atone ar the nicknames of the people who built them. - the builders of the pyramids were peasants..

Life in Egyptian Society: - kings an queens would stand at the top of a pyramid then below them the other upper class people, then the middle class and then the lower class. - slaves were also part of the Egyptain culture they work for the upper class mostly. - Egyptains could get put into a high class by marriage and success in their job. - sone women had similar rights to men but not all of them.

Egyptian Writing: - simple pictographas was the first from of writing. - a picture stood for an idea. Over time it changed to sounds and ideas. - they made paper from reeds.

Egyptian Science and Technology: - certain needs leaded to inventions by Egyptains. - they made a calender with 365 years with 12 months as 30 days per month. - they develop a counting system.

Invaders Control Egypt: - the power of pharohs declined in about 2180 B.C. - strong pharohs regained control and improved trade and transportatio by digging a canal. - this didn't lat long Hyksos came and destroyed the Kingdom.